Apples
Apples should be firm and heavy for their size, with no soft or brown spots or indentations. Wash them well and just eat out of hand. To core them, cut in half, then in quarters, and using a knife make a circular cut around the seeds and seed casings. Make sure you get those little transparent seed casings out, because if you're cooking the apples in a pie or other recipe, the casings won't soften much and are unpleasant to bite.
Artichokes
If you squeeze an artichoke and it squeaks, it's fresh! Artichokes should be compact, firm and heavy for their size. A slight brown tint in the artichokes is actually desirable - it's called "winter kiss" caused by frost, and increases sweetness. To prepare, cut off the top 1" of the artichoke, then use a scissor to cut off all sharp tips, cut off the stem and rinse in lemon water. If you want to remove the choke before cooking, gently pull apart the leaves and scrape out the hairy choke. Artichokes can be boiled or steamed until the leaves can be easily pulled off.
Eating them is an art; pull off each leaf and scrape the tender bottom between your teeth. Dipping sauces enhance the artichoke's flavor.
Beets
Fresh beets should be firm, round and smooth with no soft spots. They can be roasted or steamed. If you roast them unpeeled, they can be eaten like a baked potato. The red stain from beets is permanent, so cover your work surface with waxed paper as you work. Cut off the stem and root, wash and scrub thoroughly, then cook by boiling, roasting or steaming. After cooking the skins will slip off easily.
Cabbage
Cabbages should be firm and heavy, with leaves tightly attached to the stem and the head. Wash the head, then remove the outer tough leaves. Cut or shred the cabbage as directed in the recipe. Serve cabbage raw in salads or cooked and finished with a little butter.
Cauliflower
Cauliflower is fairly perishable, so buy it only 2-3 days before you eat it. Choose firm, heavy heads with creamy white florets that have no brown spots. The stem isn't edible. Wash well, cut off the florets, and serve raw or steam them lightly until tender.
Onions and Leeks
Buy firm, solid onions and leeks with no wet spots. Leeks should have crisp, dark green leaves and feel heavy for their size. Don't store onions in the refrigerator, or they will soften. Peeling onions under water is really the only way to avoid tears. When you cut an onion, you release sulfur compounds that irritate your eyes. Holding a match or piece of bread in your mouth just doesn't work. Make sure you rinse leeks very well, as they are grown in sand and the sand really can hide in between the leaves.
Potatoes
Potatoes store very well, so buy them in bulk! Make sure to store them away from onions, however, as they each release a gas that shortens the other's shelf life.
Don't store potatoes in the refrigerator, as the starch will convert to sugar and the taste will be unacceptably sweet. Potatoes should be firm, heavy, and smooth with no soft spots or bruises.
Squash
Winter squashes are hard skinned, heavy fruits (yes, fruits!) that should be firm, with a dry, attached stem. Winter squash is almost always baked.
Summer squashes are more like cucumbers, with tender, soft skin and delicate flesh. Choose firm, small summer squashes with no brown spots. Peel if you like, wash, and slice. Summer squashes are wonderful cooked in a little butter, with salt and pepper. Varieties include yellow summer squash, crookneck and scalloppini. |